“CITY CODE” AND ITS REFLECTION ON THE EXAMPLE OF TOWN-PLANNING DEVELOPMENT OF VELIKY NOVGOROD
DOI: 10.23951/2312-7899-2018-3-128-144
Article represents the review of basic elements of planning structure of Veliky Novgorod. Stages of their formation and change are considered. The planning structure most fully reflects territorial and spatial characteristics of town-planning system. The short historical and genetic review is devoted to identification of initial properties of elements of planning structure and the mechanism of their inheritance. Full preservation and development of the historical cities is possible provided that changes don’t contradict a town-planning genetic code and are in limits of the regularities reproduced in the course of genesis of town-planning system. Knowledge of a genetic code furnishes the clue to the langage on which not only the history of the city, but also a prerequisites of its evolutionary development are written down. To learn this code, it is important to track the interactions and processes, connecting elements of modern town-planning system with their embryonic stage. Such historical and genetic analysis of the city allows to reveal peculiar features and anomalies of the planning organization of the modern city, to find appropriate explanations for the surprising mechanism of inheritance of “congenital” properties of planning structure and to define the steadiest and stable components of town-planning system. In article the landscape as a basis of formation and development of planning structure is emphasized. The elements, constituting the town-planning center of Veliky Novgorod, are specified. Stages of formation and evolution of defensive buildings and their influence on volume and spatial composition of the city are considered. Process of formation of the city transport infrastructure, where the river was always the main functional and composite axis, is shown. Analyzing the buildings’ complexes formation, the author notes skill of the Novgorod architects during the organization of system of high-rise dominants in structure of the housing estate. In the process of examination of the city’s planning structure components an attempt to mark out the steadiest town-planning principles and techniques, which were transferred and reflected in the course of evolution of the city, is made. The study of the mechanism of inheritance of town-planning traits of Veliky Novgorod is at a stage of accumulation and primary comprehension of historical and townplanning material. Identification of the genetic code and following it will allow to return historical architectural and town-planning sense inherent to the city.
Keywords: town-planning code of the city, Veliky Novgorod, historical and genetic review, planning structure
References:
Aleshkovsky, Krasnorechiev 1970 – Aleshkovsky M. Kh., Krasnorechiev L. E. About dating of a shaft and ditch of the Novgorod jail (in connection with a question of formation of the urban area). Soviet Archeology. 1970. 4. P. 54–73. In Russian.
Alferova 1989 – Alferova G. V. Russian cities of the 16–17th centuries. Moscow, 1989. In Russian.
Gariaev 1976 – Gariaev R. M. Features of statement of dominants in the Russian town planning. Questions of protection, restoration and promotion of historical and cultural monuments. IV. 35. Moscow, 1976. P. 138–158. In Russian.
Gutnov 1984 – Gutnov A. Evolution of town planning. Moscow, 1984. In Russian.
Kolchin 1985 — Kolchin B. A. Old Russian settlements. Archeology of the USSR. Vol. 15. Moscow, 1985. P. 39–104. In Russian.
Kositsky 1985 – Kositsky Ya. V. Composite bases of city planning structure. Moscow, 1985. In Russian.
Kostochkin 1970 – Kostochkin V. V. Old Russian fortresses. Moscow, 1970. In Russian.
Lavrоv 1979 – Lavrov V. A. Transformation of the environment of the large cities and improvement of their planning structure. Moscow, 1979. In Russian.
Lynch 1982 – Lynch K. The Image of the City. Transl. into Russian by V. L. Glazychev. Moscow, 1982.
Mokeev, Shchenkov 1993 – Mokeev G. Ya., Shchenkov A. S. Planning structure of the cities. Russian town-planning art. Old Russian town planning of the 10–15th centuries. Moscow, 1993. Page 41–62. In Russian.
Orlov 1964 – Orlov S. N. To topography of Novgorod of the 10–16th centuries. Novgorod: to the 1100 anniversary of the city. Moscow, 1964. P. 264-285. In Russian.
Popov 2016 – Popov V. A. Building of a historical part of Veliky Novgorod. Stages of development and regulation. Current problems of studying and preservation of architectural and town-planning heritage of historical settlements. Moscow, 2016. P. 46–62. In Russian.
Rappoport 1956 – Rappoport P. A. Sketches on the history of the Russian military architecture of the 10–13th centuries. Moscow, Leningrad, 1956. In Russian.
Rybina 1986 – Rybina E. A. The overseas yards in Novgorod the 12–17th centuries Moscow, 1986. In Russian.
Sementsov 2007 – Sementsov S. V. Town-planning development of St. Petersburg in the 1703–2000th. Thesis abstract. St. Petersburg, 2007. In Russian.
Semionov 1959 – Semionov A. I. Old topography of the southern part of the Slavensky End in Novgorod. Novgorod historical collection. 9. Novgorod, 1959. P. 55–73. In Russian.
Trenin 1974 – Trenin A. B. Reconstruction of Novgorod. For the aid to the designer-town-planner. Reconstruction of the centers of the historical cities. Kiev, 1974. P. 59–66. In Russian.
Troyanovsky 1998 – Troyanovsky S. V. About some results of excavation in the Novgorod Kremlin. Novgorod and the Novgorod Land: History and archeology. 1998. 12. P. 58–70. In Russian.
Vasilieva 2011 – Vasilieva N. V. Anthropogenic changes of hydrographic network in Veliky Novgorod. Society. Environment. Development (Terra Humana). 2011. 1. P. 215–222. In Russian.
Yanin 2008 – Yanin V. L. Sketches on history of medieval Novgorod. Moscow, 2008. In Russian.
Yargina et al. 1984 – Yargina Z. N., Kositsky Ya. V., Vladimirov V. V., Gutnov A. E., Mikulina E. M., Sosnovsky V. A. Bases of the theory of town planning. Moscow, 1986. In Russian.
( 368.5 kB ) 
( 358.81 kB )
Issue: 3, 2018
Series of issue: Issue 3
Rubric: ARTICLES
Pages: 128 — 144
Downloads: 1789