THE RADIANT FACE OF THE GREAT MUGHAL: THE CONCEPT OF FARR-I IZADI AND ITS VISUAL REPRESENTATION
DOI: 10.23951/2312-7899-2017-2-9-29
The article is devoted to problems of interpretation and pictorial manifestation of the mystical concept farr-i izadi which was an integral part of the Mughal ideological programme. The crucial idea of this conception is to proclaim the divine origin of the Great Mughals’ power and their legal right to the heavenly patronage. Theoretical concepts and verbal formulas of farr-i izadi were visually represented in the official Royal portraits in the form of halo that adorned the head of a Mughal ruler. For allegorical portraits of the Mughal emperors were also developed more sophisticated pictorial forms.
Keywords: visual representation, divine light, king’s farr, holiness, halo, mughal painting, Great Mughals
References:
Abu-l Fazl 1867–1877 ‒ Abu-l Fazl-i ʼAllāmī. The Āīn-i-Akbarī. Ed. by H. Blochmann. Vol. I–II. Calcutta, 1867–1877.
Abu-l Fazl 1877 ‒ Abu-l Fazl Mubarak ʼAllami. The Akbarnamah. Ed. by Maulawi Abd-ur-Rahim. Vol. I. Calcutta, 1877.
Antonova 1952 – Antonova K. A. Essays on social relations and the political system of Mughal’s India in the times of Akbar (1556–1603). Moscow, 1952. In Russian.
Aśvaghoṣa 1990 – Aśvaghoṣa. The Life of Buddha. Kālidāsa. Drama. Transl. into Russian by K. Balmont. Ed. by G. M. Bongard-Levin. Moscow, 1990.
Atmanova 2016 – Atmanova Yu. G. The eulogy of badshah Jahangir: poetical variations of the Mughal allegorical portrait. ΠΡΑΞΗΜΑ. Journal of Visual Semiotics. 2016. 3 (9). P. 97–114. In Russian.
Badāoni 1865 – Al-Badāoni Abd al-Qādir. The Muntakhab al-Tawārīkh. Ed. by W. N. Lees and Ahmad Ali. Vol. II. Calcutta, 1865.
Goswamy, Dahmen-Dallapicola 1976 – Goswamy B. N., Dahmen-Dallapicola A. An Early Document of Indian Art: The Chitralaksana of Nagnajit. New Delhi, 1976.
Gribov 1995 – Gribov Yu. A. The image of Ivan the Terrible in the interpretation of the posad artists of the last quarter of the 17th century. Proceedings of the State Historical Museum. Is. 86. Folk art of Russia: tradition and style. Moscow, 1995. P. 13–28. In Russian.
Gruber 2009 – Gruber Ch. Between Logos (Kalima) and Light (Nūr): Representations of the Prophet Muhammad in Islamic Painting. Muqarnas: An Annual on the Visual Culture of the Islamic World. Vol. 26. Leiden, 2009. P. 229–262.
Hadi Hasan 2008 – Hadi Hasan. Mughal Poetry: Its Cultural and Historical Value. Delhi, 2008.
Jahangir 1980 – Nur ad-Din Muhammad Jahangir. Jahangir-nama (Tuzuk-i Jahangiri). Ed. by M. Hashem. Tehran, 1359 (1980). In Farsi.
Koch 2010 – Koch E.The Mughal Emperor as Solomon, Majnun, and Orpheus, or the Album as a Think Tank for Allegory. Muqarnas: An Annual on the Visual Culture of the Islamic World. Vol. 27. Leiden, 2010. P. 277–311.
Lāhaurī 2006 – ʻAbd-us-Sattār b. Qāsim Lāhaurī. Majālis-i Jahāngīrī. Ed. by A. Naushāhī, M. Nizāmī. Tehran, 2006.
Malecka 1999 –Malecka A. Solar Symbolism of the Mughal Thrones. A Preliminary Note. Arts asiatiques. 54/1. P. 24–32.
Melikian-Chirvani 1999 – Melikian-Chirvani A. S. Sa’ida-ye Gilani and the Iranian Style Jades of Hindustan. Bulletin of the Asia Institute. New Series. Vol. 13. 1999. P. 83–140.
Moin 2014 – Moin A. Azfar. The Millennial Sovereign: Sacred Kingship and Sainthood in Islam. N.Y., 2014.
Nalich 2009 – Nalich T. S. Angels and other supernatural beings in Islam. Moscow, 2009. In Russian.
Nath 1985 – Nath R.History of Mughal Architecture: Akbar (1556–1605), the Age of Personality Architecture. Vol. II. New Delhi, 1985.
Pandey 1989 – Pandey D. P. Sūrya: Iconographical Study of the Indian Sun God. Delhi, 1989.
Putten 2009 – van Putten J. C. Jahangir Heroically Killing Poverty: Pictorial Sources and Pictorial Tradition in Mughal Allegory and Portraiture. The Meeting Place of British Middle East Studies: Emerging Scholars, Emergent Research & Approaches. Eds. by Refqa Abu-Remaileh, Amanda Phillips. Newcastle, 2009. P. 99–119.
Truschke 2016 – Truschke Au.Translating the Solar Cosmology of Sacred Kinship. The Medieval History Journal. 2016. 19/1. P. 136–141.
Vertogradova 2014 – Vertogradova V. V. Ancient Indian Painting According to the Citrasūtra from the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa (Theory and Techniques). Moscow, 2014. In Russian.
Wright 2008 – Wright E.Muraqqa: Imperial Mughal Albums from the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin. Alexandria, 2008.
Zhuravsky 2004 – Zhuravsky A. V. Islam. Moscow, 2004. In Russian.
Issue: 2, 2017
Series of issue: Issue 2
Rubric: ARTICLES
Pages: 9 — 29
Downloads: 1346