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“CITY CODE” AND ITS REFLECTION ON THE EXAMPLE OF TOWN-PLANNING DEVELOPMENT OF VELIKY NOVGOROD // ΠΡΑΞΗMΑ. Journal of Visual Semiotics. 2018. Issue 3 (17). P. 128-144

Article represents the review of basic elements of planning structure of Veliky Novgorod. Stages of their formation and change are considered. The planning structure most fully reflects territorial and spatial characteristics of town-planning system. The short historical and genetic review is devoted to identification of initial properties of elements of planning structure and the mechanism of their inheritance. Full preservation and development of the historical cities is possible provided that changes don’t contradict a town-planning genetic code and are in limits of the regularities reproduced in the course of genesis of town-planning system. Knowledge of a genetic code furnishes the clue to the langage on which not only the history of the city, but also a prerequisites of its evolutionary development are written down. To learn this code, it is important to track the interactions and processes, connecting elements of modern town-planning system with their embryonic stage. Such historical and genetic analysis of the city allows to reveal peculiar features and anomalies of the planning organization of the modern city, to find appropriate explanations for the surprising mechanism of inheritance of “congenital” properties of planning structure and to define the steadiest and stable components of town-planning system. In article the landscape as a basis of formation and development of planning structure is emphasized. The elements, constituting the town-planning center of Veliky Novgorod, are specified. Stages of formation and evolution of defensive buildings and their influence on volume and spatial composition of the city are considered. Process of formation of the city transport infrastructure, where the river was always the main functional and composite axis, is shown. Analyzing the buildings’ complexes formation, the author notes skill of the Novgorod architects during the organization of system of high-rise dominants in structure of the housing estate. In the process of examination of the city’s planning structure components an attempt to mark out the steadiest town-planning principles and techniques, which were transferred and reflected in the course of evolution of the city, is made. The study of the mechanism of inheritance of town-planning traits of Veliky Novgorod is at a stage of accumulation and primary comprehension of historical and townplanning material. Identification of the genetic code and following it will allow to return historical architectural and town-planning sense inherent to the city.

Keywords: town-planning code of the city, Veliky Novgorod, historical and genetic review, planning structure